1990) and walking economy (Hunter et al., 2008 Gleim et al. Researchers have found that reduced joint flexibility-particularly in the hip and calf regions-is associated with improved running economy (Jones 2002 Craib et al. Increased joint stability and reduced flexibility can enhance exercise efficiency in dynamic sports, like running. #4 Joint stability, flexibility and efficiency Specific training such as max velocity training and plyometrics can improve the ability to store and use this elastic energy.
This is important in dynamic sports such as running, where we convert potential and kinetic energy into elastic energy stored within the tendons and muscles.
One factor here is a gradual transformation within Type IIa fibres towards the characteristics of slow twitch fibres.Īn enhanced elastic energy storage has a positive effect on exercise economy (Sawicki et al., 2009). Through specialized endurance exercise we can further develop the economy of Type I and IIa muscle fibres.Athletes with a higher proportion of Type I and and IIa muscle fibres, show greater economy than those with a higher ratio of Type II and specifically Type IIb.Type IIa muscles are less efficient than Type I, but more efficient than Type IIb fibres.We can further divide type II fibres into Type IIa (fast twitch oxidative) and Type IIb (fast twitch glycolytic) muscle fibres.Type I muscle fibers have a greater level of efficiency than type II muscle fibres.How muscle fibres affect exercise economy: Research has shown that the ratio of type I and type II muscle fibres affects exercise economy (Mogensen et al., 2006 Horowitz et al., 1993 Coyle 1992 ). This improves exercise economy and reduces the energy cost of exercise. Through specialised training, we can achieve greater levels of coordination between muscle fibres, muscles, and groups of muscles. This is referred to as neuromuscular coordination. This happens on an intra-muscular level (coordination of muscle fibres and motor units) and inter-muscular level (between groups of working muscles). Factors That Influence Exercise EconomyĮvery muscular contraction in the human body involves a coordinated contraction of individual muscles, groups of muscles, and muscle fibres. The economy of motion is influenced by several factors including neuro-muscular co-ordination, % type I muscle fibers, elastic energy storage, joint stability and flexibility. And can explain differences in endurance exercise performance between individuals. It is a powerful predictor of endurance exercise performance in several endurance sports (cycling, swimming, running, etc). Exercise economy (sometimes referred to as the economy of motion, or efficiency) refers to the volume of oxygen (ml.kg.min-1) required to move at a given speed, power output, or work rate.
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